[Effect of date extract on growth of mutans streptococci, the most important factor of dental caries]

Dental caries is perhaps the most common bacterial infections in humans and Streptococcus mutans is one of the most important factors in dental caries. Research has shown that some kind foods have an inhibitory effect on cariogenic factors of Mutans streptococci. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of date extract on growth of Streptococcus Mutans. This experimental study was done at faculty of medicine, Yasuj university of medical sciences with collaborative of microbiology department of Shiraz university of medical sciences in 2005. In an in-vitro study, effect of date extract on growth of Mutans Streptococci was surveyed .After collecting of Streptococcus Mutans from dental caries; those were cultured in different medium of date fruit, extract of date fruit and syrup of date with different concentrations. Following 24 hours, Streptococcus mutans was grown in less concentration of date mediums and its grown was inhibited in more concentrations. With respect of inhibitory effect of date extract on growth of Streptococcus mutans, it might be introduced that date as a source of food has a preventive effect on dental caries

[Inhibitory effects of NaF-varnish and APF-gel on cariogenic bacteria: an in vitro study]

While there are multiple components of preventive programs developed for caries prevention in children, perhaps none is as important and effective as the appropriate use of fluoride. The primary caries preventive effects of fluoride result from its topical contact with enamel and through its antibacterial actions. Till now bulk of research exists which has compared the antibacterial effects of ordinary topical fluoride gels and solutions. Little or no evidence is seen to tell us which topical fluoride including varnishes is more antibacterial. We suggested further research about antibacterial effect of APF gel and NaF varnish against cariogenic microorganisms [streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus], so use of these may have benefit in reduction of caries. Comparison of inhibitory effect of NaF-varnish versus APF-gel on concentration of cariogenic bacteria [streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus], was the primary goal of this research. In this exprimental study, twenty premolars were sectioned buccolingually. With the use of "window method" certain surfaces of enamel were covered with APF-gel and NaF-varnish. Then, the number of streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus were counted after 18, 24 and 48 hours. In the "Disk diffusion" method the streptococcus mutans with the concentration of 108/ml and volume of 0.1cc were introduced to the M.S.Media culture after application of APF gel and NaF varnish. Then the inhibition zone, measured. Statistical analysis in this research was multilevel modeling. The comparison between gel and varnish after 18, 24 and 48 hours showed that gel has more effect than varnish over the number of lactobacillus. The difference with lactobacillus was statistically significant [p<0.005], but with streptococcus Mutans was not. APF gel was more effective [70.23%] than NaF varnish. Based on the obtained results, APF gel can be used with more thrust than NaF varnish in caries prevention

[Antibiotic resistance pattern of e-coli isolated from urinary tract infection]

The present study was designed to etermine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli [E.coli] isolated from urinary tract infection in Jahrom aiming at a rapid and appropriate empirical management. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 108 urine samples of patients with urinary tract infection in Jahrom hospitals and general practice in 2003. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by disk diffusion method and MIC. Gentamicin had the least effect on E. coli with 72.1% resistance. Co-trimoxazol and rifampin were the most effective oral antibiotics. 89.5 percent of the E.coli were resistant to two or more antibiotics. The most associated resistance was co-trimoxazol-rifampin and cotrimoxazol-gentamicin Based on the results gentamicin and co-trimoxazol were less effective for treatment of urinary tract infection, but nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin were appropriate for empirical treatment

[Sensitivity pattern of group a beta hemolytic streptococci isolated from patients with various streptococcal infections to penicillin and other commonly used antibiotics]

Background: Group A beta hemolytic streptococci [GABHS] is a potentially pathogenic bacteria which causes various infections among children and adults. For over 60 years, penicillin has been used as the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. Yet, there is no published article on the resistance of this bacterium to penicillin. However, some species of this family such as enterococci are highly resistant to this antibiotic

Materials and Methods: In the present investigation, 125 isolates of GABHS isolated from patients with pharyngitis, sinusitis and burn infections were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity by standard methods of disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] tests using penicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, cephalothin, erythromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol

Results: All isolates of GABHS [100%] were sensitive to penicillin [MIC: 0.002- 0.032 microgr/ml] and vancomycin [MIC: 0.125-2 microgr/ml]. Other sensitivity rates included: cephalothin 97.6% [MIC: 0.01-8 microgr/ml], chloramphenicol 88.8% [MIC: 1-32 microgr/ml], erythromycin 87.2% [MIC: 0.032-64 microgr/ml], tetracycline 75.2% [MIC: 0.125-128 microgr/ml] and ciprofloxacin 92.8% [MIC: 0.125-4 microgr/ml]

Conclusion: Penicillin is still the drug of choice for treatment of GABHS infections. Patients allergic to penicillin are recommended to use erythromycin or other macrolides